The TIOBE Index is an indicator of which programming languages are most popular within a given month. According to the TIOBE ...

While Python still gets top billing when it comes to developing for AI, Java proponents see the nearly 30-year-old Java programming language ready to take charge in the AI field.

And although Python dominates in research and prototyping, Java and Kotlin are strong choices for production AI systems, especially in large-scale enterprise environments.