list_of_ints = [1, 2, 3] Items in a list do not have to all be the same type; they can be any Python object. In the list below, assume Three is a function: ...

When a program runs, the basic I/O (input/output) functions are print, raw_input (), and input (). print One of the most useful tools available in Python is the print function.

lru_cache basics To memoize a function in Python, we can use a utility supplied in Python’s standard library—the functools.lru_cache decorator. lru_cache isn’t hard to use.