Een jaarlijks onderzoek onder meer dan 30.000 ontwikkelaars, uitgevoerd door de Python Software Foundation en JetBrains, ...

Although Julia is purpose-built for data science, whereas Python has more or less evolved into the role, Python offers some compelling advantages to the data scientist.

Harnham said that Python was now the top programming language used in data science, "with R falling firmly into second place." The remaining top-five data science technologies were SQL, AWS and Spark.