C. Borgnakke, G. C. Davis, R. J. Tabaczynski, Predictions of In-Cylinder Swirl Velocity and Turbulence Intensity for an Open Chamber Cup in Piston Engine, SAE Transactions, Vol. 90, Section 1: ...

The flow into and out of the piston top-land crevice of a spark-ignition engine has been studied, using a square-cross-section single-cylinder engine with two parallel quartz glass walls which permit ...